The article in intended for academic purpose.
Basics of Physics
Position: The position of a particle locates the particle with respect to origin or any other reference point. The position may be positive or negative according to which side of origin/reference is on or zero if the particle is at origin. The positive direction on an axis is the direction of increasing positive numbers; the opposite direction is negative direction.
Displacement: The displacement of a particle is defined as the shortest path between the initial and final position of the particle. Displacement is a vector quantity. It may be positive or negative according to frame of reference.
Average velocity: Average velocity of a particle is defined as the ratio of change in displacement to time interval in which displacement is covered. Average velocity doesn’t depend upon the actual distance a particle moves, but instead depends on its original and final positions.
Average speed: The average speed of a particle is defined as the ratio of total distance to the time interval that it takes to cover the distance.
Instantaneous Velocity: The instantaneous velocity is defined as velocity of particle at a particular time. For example suppose a car moves from point A to point B is 5 second then the velocity at a particular time, say 1.2 sec, and is its instantaneous velocity.
Average acceleration: Average acceleration is the ratio of change in velocity to the time interval in which changes occurs.
Instantaneous acceleration: Instantaneous acceleration is the first time derivative of velocity and the second derivative of position.
Free Fall Acceleration: An important example of straight line motion with constant acceleration is that of an object rising or falling freely near the earth surface. The constant acceleration equation describes this motion. Near the earth surface g = 9.8 m/s2.
Scalars & Vectors: Scalars are the physical quantities that have magnitude only and they are specified by number with a unit. On the other hands vectors are physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction. Vectors obey rules of vector algebra while scalars obey rules of arithmetic and ordinary algebra.
Component of a vector: The scalar components of a vector along the coordinate axes are found by dropping perpendicular lines from the end of the vector on the axes.
Projectile motion: Projectile motion is the motion of a particle that is launched with an initial velocity, say v. During its flight, the particle’s horizontal acceleration is zero and its vertical acceleration is the free fall acceleration that is –g. The trajectory or path of the particle is parabolic.
Range: The horizontal range is defined as the horizontal distance from the launch point to the point at which the particle returns to the launch height.
Uniform circular motion: If the particle travels along a circle or circular arc of radius r at a constant speed v, it is said to be in uniform circular motion and has acceleration equals to v2/r. The direction of acceleration is towards the center of the circle or circular arc and is said to be centripetal.
Relative motion: When two frames of reference A and B are moving relative to each other at a constant velocity, the velocity of a particle P as measured by an observer in frame A is usually differs from that measured from frame B.
The article in intended for academic purpose.
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