Amazing facts #03

Facts That Physics Cannot Explain

 

Time: Why does time go forward in seemingly a straight line? Well because the universe is actually descending more into disorder and chaos every moment. The process is called entropy. There is evidence to suggest that when the universe was first formed everything was much more organized and balanced but because there are more chaotic particle formations than those that are balanced and the chaotic formations are constantly disrupting the balanced ones, change occurs therefore time. What has scientist’s the most befuddled about entropy is fact that just after the big bang, when all the matter and energy in the universe was packaged tightly together, how was the universe at it most organized state? Many physicists believe that the secret may be unlocked if we can only find out how the four fundamental forces were once combined. 

 

 

Dark energy: For the last couple decades dark energy has appeared so often in discussion on physics that you would think it is at least a partially know commodity. The truth is, as of now dark energy only exists in theory. It was first proposed as a solution to the problem, if gravity is constantly pushing space-time in an inward direction, then why is the universe expanding more and more rapid rate? Theoretical physicists could not find any visible or obvious reasons for this so they were forced to introduced “the dark energy” idea so that they could continue on with their calculations instead of just stopping and waiting for hard evidence. As the years have passed several new theories have hinted towards theoretical dark energy being a legitimate answer to expansion. If dark energy does exist, modern theories and hypotheses suggest it could possibly make more than 70% of universe. 

 

Dark matter: Dark Matter goes hand in hand with theories on dark energy. It exists mainly as an idea. Dark matter does differ from dark energy in the fact that there are a few more slivers of evidence that point to its existing. The idea of dark matter came about when astrophysicists observed some unknown mass, which didn’t put out absorb any light particles. They saw this matter was causing slight changes to radiation, known matter and other parts of the universe via gravity. These instances were observed mainly on the outer edges of the universe and may be what give structure to everything. Some scientists speculate that dark matter may flow and weave its way throughout the universe causing small chain reactions along the way.  It is theorized that the dark matter makes up over 80% of matter in the universe.

 

Gravity: Gravity is all around us affecting us in everything we do in our daily lives yet the powerful force that keeps us cling to this rock we call home is still one of the biggest mysteries in all science. The other three out of the four fundamental forces weak nuclear, strong nuclear and electromagnetism all have particles from which their powers and energy can be attributed, but not gravity. Physicists know that gravity has to be made up of something and have even given this theoretical particle a name, the graviton. There are many theories about what the graviton might look like and how it acts at the quantum level, but no one has ever found any concrete evidence of their existence. One of the main problems is that the scientists aren’t even sure if gravitons interact with matter like the other forces do or if they have a mass that is measurable in the physical realm. If they do exist they are believed to be one of, if not, the smallest particles in existence. In string theory it is proposed that gravitons are merely closed energy loops but so far the math hasn’t added up. In one of the more interesting theories some physicists have proposed the idea that gravitons only exist in a yet to be discovered dimension. 

Matter vs. Antimatter: Why there is less antimatter than matter in the universe? Is basically an astrophysicist’s fancy version of the question ‘why are we here?’ but on an even deeper level as it really is asking ‘why is anything here?’ Scientists know that antimatter exists and that is the exact bizarre version of matter acting in the precisely opposite manner. What they don’t understand is why in a universe of equal and opposite reactions would more matter be produced from the big bang that of antimatter. We know for a fact that there is more matter because if they were equal they would cancel each other out so neither would exist but that obviously didn’t happen because we are here, so ipso-facto, there is more matter than antimatter.  

 

The End: We all know that most evidence supports the theory that our universe is currently expanding but what happens next is the subject of some of the biggest debates in the world of the astrophysics. Most of the astrophysicists agree that the universe will come to an end one day but they are still greatly divided on how this will happen. There are three prevailing theories on the events that would bring about the ends of the universe. The first cosmological model of the end of the universe is dependent on an ended concept of space. In this model, everything will continue to expand and accelerate until everything becomes unbound by gravity and isolated i.e. the big freeze, where life would be unable to exist in any form. After this the acceleration would become so strong that even atoms would be torn asunder and everything would cease to be. This is called the ‘The Big Rip’. The second model is fairly similar to this one except instead of open-ended space the universe exists on a flat, infinite plane. The results would be similar, everything would expand until it stopped or it would continue accelerating until it was torn apart. The final model is based on a closed concept of the universe in which space-time is shaped like a sphere that encases everything. In this theory, there are two possible outcomes that are dependent on whether dark energy exists. If it does exist then a closed universe in this form could potentially expand forever without consequence. If dark energy doesn’t exists the universe would eventually stop expanding because of the time-space barrier and then begin contracting causing what is called ‘The Big Crunch’. The Big Crunch could possibly end in everything being so consolidated that it would cause another Big Bang and start the process over again and again.

 

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